The three Chinese deities known as Fu, Lu, and Shou, also known as the Sanxing, are popular figures in Chinese culture. These gods, which represent good fortune, wealth and material fortune, and longevity, respectively, have been worshipped in China since the Ming Dynasty. Fu is often depicted as a scholar holding a scroll or surrounded by children, while Lu is associated with prosperity, rank, and influence, and is often depicted holding symbols of wealth. Shou, the God of Longevity, is recognized by his high forehead and the peach he carries as a symbol of immortality. Statues of these three gods can be found in many Chinese homes and businesses, and they are often offered water, oranges, or other items as offerings, especially during the Chinese New Year. The three stars are traditionally arranged right to left with Fu on the right, Lu in the middle, and Shou on the left.
In addition to being popular decorative figures, the Sanxing are also important figures in Chinese mythology and folklore. The worship of the Star of Longevity dates back to the third century BCE when China’s first emperor paid homage to it. However, the other two gods, Fu and Lu, were not known before the Ming Dynasty. Despite their popularity, there is no scripture devoted to them in the Taoist canon, indicating that they may have originated as popular gods outside of the orthodox Taoist tradition.
Fu is considered the personification of good fortune and is often associated with children, as they are seen as symbols of good luck and prosperity. Lu, on the other hand, is believed to be Zhang Xian, a historical figure from the Later Shu dynasty who was associated with the salary of government officials. As such, Lu is seen as the star of prosperity, rank, and influence, and was also worshipped separately as the deity dictating one’s success in the Imperial Examinations and therefore success in the imperial bureaucracy.
Shou, the God of Longevity, is believed to control the life spans of mortals and is often depicted as an old man. According to legend, he was carried in his mother’s womb for ten years before being born, and was already an old man when delivered. He is recognized by his high, domed forehead and the peach which he carries as a symbol of immortality. The God of Longevity is usually shown smiling and friendly, and he may sometimes be carrying a gourd filled with Elixir of Life.
In conclusion, the Sanxing, Fu, Lu, and Shou, are an important part of Chinese culture and have been worshipped for centuries. Representing good fortune, wealth and material fortune, and longevity, respectively, these gods are commonly depicted in Chinese homes and businesses and are important figures in Chinese mythology and folklore. The Sanxing continue to be revered and celebrated today, as symbols of the good life and symbols of hope for the future.
